First Impressions of the Bedside Nurse: A Grounded Theory Study

Abstract

This study explored the first impressions of bedside nurses from the patient perspective, cultivating a grounded theory process. A qualitative grounded theory design emphasizing constructivist underpinnings was used. Individual interviews were conducted with 20 adult inpatients on Medical-Surgical units at a community hospital in the Midwestern United States. Five major themes emerged: 1) demeanor is the prevailing characteristic of the first impression 2) nonverbal communication is the most important influence in first impression formation, 3) first impressions are instantaneous, 4) first impressions spark the direction of the nurse-patient relationship, 5) first impressions are powerful. Findings reveal that first impressions of nurses have a significant impact on the nurse-patient relationship and the patient’s hospital experience. A unique conceptual model and process was created based on these findings, illustrating the significance of the first impression on the nurse-patient relationship and the patient’s perception of their care. Recognizing the influence of first impressions of nurses could provide a new innovative approach to impact the nurse-patient relationship, the patient’s experience and perceptions of their care, as well as patient satisfaction. First impressions are largely underestimated in nursing yet they have important implications for nurses, nurse educators, and nursing leadership.