Abstract
Cardanol is a natural and renewable organic raw material obtained as the major chemical component by vacuum distillation of cashew nut shell liquid. In this work a new sustainable procedure for producing cardanol-based micellar nanodispersions having an embedded lipophilic porphyrin itself peripherally functionalized with cardanol substituents (porphyrin-cardanol hybrid) has been described for the first time. In particular, cardanol acts as the solvent of the cardanol hybrid porphyrin and cholesterol as well as being the main component of the nanodispersions. In this way a “green” micellar nanodispersion, in which a high percentage of the micellar system is derived from renewable “functional” molecules, has been produced.
Highlights
Cardanol (CA) is a natural and renewable organic raw material obtained as a major component by vacuum distillation of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) [1,2]
With the aim of obtaining a natural lipid-based system from renewable organic raw materials, our study was undertaken starting from the above-mentioned researches with a special emphasis on the ability of CA to form a stable vesicle dispersion when mixed with cholesterol (CH) under alkaline conditions [22], as well as on the expected capability of a lipophilic porphyrin-cardanol hybrid (H2Pp) [14], shown in the Figure 2, to be intercalated into the hydrophobic layer of the vesicle structure
In this work we propose a new sustainable way of producing cardanol-based micellar nanodispersions in which CA acts as solvent of the cardanol hybrid H2Pp and CH and as well as being the main component of the micellar dispersions
Summary
Cardanol (CA) is a natural and renewable organic raw material obtained as a major component by vacuum distillation of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) [1,2]. Over the last few years CA has attracted scientists for its potential use in resins, friction lining materials, surface coatings, as an antioxidant, [4] in organic synthesis, nanomaterials [5,6,7,8,9] and molecular hybrid systems [10,11,12,13] It was recently used as a natural product to develop hybrid systems containing macrocycles such as porphyrins [14,15,16] which are considered to be very attractive compounds due to their extensive application in many areas of new materials such as chemical technology, ecology, medicine, electronics and photocatalytic processes [17,18,19,20,21]. Cationic metalloporphyrins, synthesized as superoxide dismutase mimics, were introduced into niosomes and demonstrated to be highly effective in promoting O2− radical decomposition and employed as DDS in antioxidant drugs’ preparation [27,28]
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