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Abstract
Feasibility of sensing mesoscale ocean eddies using spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) measurements is demonstrated for the first time. Measurements of Cyclone GNSS (CYGNSS) satellite missions over the eddies, documented in the Aviso eddy trajectory atlas, are studied. The investigation reports on the evidence of normalized bistatic radar cross section ( σ 0 ) responses over the center or the edges of the eddies. A statistical analysis using profiles over eddies in 2017 is carried out. The potential contributing factors leaving the signature in the measurements are discussed. The analysis of GNSS-R observations collocated with ancillary data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis-5 (ERA-5) shows strong inverse correlations of σ 0 with the sensible heat flux and surface stress in certain conditions.
Highlights
Mesoscale ocean eddies can drive atmosphere response at mesoscales mainly through heat fluxes [1] and they have a local influence on near-surface wind, cloud properties, and rainfall [2]
We investigate the collocated dataset consisting of more than 2.7 × 105 Normalized BRCS (NBRCS) profiles over ≈ 6000 mesoscale eddies
Two prominent anomalies are observed in our investigation as responses of σ0 to the presence of the eddies: one jump at the eddy center or two jumps at the eddy edges with a lower value at the center
Summary
Mesoscale ocean eddies can drive atmosphere response at mesoscales mainly through heat fluxes [1] and they have a local influence on near-surface wind, cloud properties, and rainfall [2]. Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) is a relatively new Earth observation technique for monitoring a large variety of geophysical parameters (see [4,5] for a review). This technique exploits the GNSS signals of opportunity after being reflected from the Earth’s surface, both over lands and oceans. The signals are intercepted by low-cost, low-power and low-mass GNSS-R receivers and are processed to extract geophysical information These receivers onboard small low Earth-orbiting satellites offer cost-effective Earth observations with high coverage and unprecedented sampling rate. The data are empirically analyzed and the signatures and physical explanations are discussed
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