Abstract
ABSTRACT The objective of this case report was to describe histopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of the first reported basaloid carcinomas in the canine mammary gland. Two bitches were treated for tumors in the mammary gland and underwent mastectomy. Microscopic evaluation of these tumors revealed epithelial cells arranged in a predominantly solid pattern with hyperchromatic peripheral cells arranged in a palisade pattern. Metastases in regional lymph nodes were found in both animals, and one bitch exhibited pulmonary metastasis. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive labeling for the basal cell markers cytokeratin 14 and p63. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings led to diagnoses of basaloid carcinoma of the canine mammary gland with regional and distant metastasis.
Highlights
Mammary tumors are the most frequent neoplasms in bitches and represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with respect to morphology and biological behavior (Cassali et al, 2014)
Basaloid carcinoma has been described in the salivary gland and is morphologically similar to its benign variant, basaloid adenoma; basaloid carcinoma exhibits an invasive growth pattern (Atula et al, 1993)
Basaloid adenoma has been described in the mammary glands of dogs, with histological characteristics similar to those of basaloid adenoma in the human salivary gland (Kwapien et al, 1977; De Las Mulas et al, 2002)
Summary
Mammary tumors are the most frequent neoplasms in bitches and represent a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with respect to morphology and biological behavior (Cassali et al, 2014). Basaloid adenoma in the canine mammary gland has been well characterized, its malignant variant has not previously been reported. The first animal (case 1) was a bitch of no definite breed and exhibited a mammary tumor with the clinical attributes of inflammatory carcinoma and metastasis in an inguinal lymph node and a lung. Histopathological evaluation of regional lymph nodes demonstrated macrometastasis in case 1 and micrometastasis in case 2; these metastases were characterized by epithelial cells forming solid nests, with palisade cells in the periphery. Pulmonary metastasis was observed in case 1 and was characterized by multifocal areas with coalescent malignant epithelial proliferation associated with necrotic foci, vascular invasion, and marked diffuse edema. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings led to diagnoses of basaloid carcinoma with regional lymph node metastasis in both cases and pulmonary metastasis in case 1.
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