Abstract
Many future particle colliders require beam crabbing to recover geometric luminosity loss from the nonzero crossing angle at the interaction point (IP). A first demonstration experiment of crabbing with hadron beams was successfully carried out with high energy protons. This breakthrough result is fundamental to achieve the physics goals of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider (FCC). The expected peak luminosity gain (related to collision rate) is 65% for HL-LHC and even greater for the FCC. Novel beam physics experiments with proton beams in CERN’s Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) were performed to demonstrate several critical aspects for the operation of crab cavities in the future HL-LHC including transparency with a pair of cavities, a full characterization of the cavity impedance with high beam currents, controlled emittance growth from crab cavity induced rf noise.Received 1 May 2020Accepted 3 May 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.24.062001Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.Published by the American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasBeam dynamicsBeam techniquesRadio frequency techniquesSuperconducting RFAccelerators & Beams
Highlights
Many future particle colliders require beam crabbing to recover geometric luminosity loss from the nonzero crossing angle at the interaction point (IP)
Particle colliders are important engines of discovery, and collisions between both protons and leptons have shone a light on the fundamental structure of our universe for decades. These colliders operate by the acceleration, subsequent manipulation and collision of charged particle beams
In the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) [1] and most future colliders such as future circular collider (FCC) [2] and EIC [3], the bunch spacing, magnetic optics and physical constraints to confine the collisions only at the IP require a configuration with beam crossing to physically separate the beams immediately before and after the collision
Summary
A first demonstration experiment of crabbing with hadron beams was successfully carried out with high energy protons. This breakthrough result is fundamental to achieve the physics goals of the high luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) and the future circular collider (FCC). Particle colliders are important engines of discovery, and collisions between both protons and leptons have shone a light on the fundamental structure of our universe for decades These colliders operate by the acceleration, subsequent manipulation and collision of charged particle beams. In the LHC luminosity upgrade (HL-LHC) [4], the bunches are 4 orders of magnitude longer than the transverse size
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