Abstract
The Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) camera is a novel, single unit, full spectrum (UV to short-wave IR bands), linear, high dynamic range (HDR) camera. In this paper, calibrated color target imaging using the CAOS camera and a comparison to a commercial HDR CMOS camera is demonstrated for the first time. The first experiment using a calibrated color check chart indicates that although the CMOS sensor-based camera has an 87 dB manufacturer-specified HDR range, unrestricted usage of this CMOS camera’s output range greatly fails quality color recovery. On the other hand, the intrinsically linear full dynamic range operation CAOS camera color image recovery generally matches the restricted linear-mode commercial CMOS sensor-based camera recovery for the presented 39.5 dB non-HDR target that also matches the near 40 dB linear camera response function (CRF) range of the CMOS camera. Specifically, compared to the color checker chart manufacturer provided XYZ values for the calibrated target, percentage XYZ mean errors of 8.3% and 10.9% are achieved for the restricted linear range CMOS camera and CAOS camera, respectively. An alternate color camera assessment gives CIE ΔE00 mean values of 4.59 and 5.7 for the restricted linear range CMOS camera and CAOS camera, respectively. Unlike the CMOS camera lens optics and its photo-detection electronics, no special linear response optics and photo-detector designs were used for the experimental CAOS camera, nevertheless, a good and equivalent color recovery was achieved. Given the limited HDR linear range capabilities of a CMOS camera and the intrinsically wide linear HDR capability of a CAOS camera, a combined CAOS-CMOS mode of the CAOS smart camera is prudent and can empower HDR color imaging. Applications for such a hybrid camera includes still photography imaging, especially for quantitative imaging of biological samples, valuable artworks and archaeological artefacts that require authentic color data generation for reliable medical decisions as well as forgery preventing verifications.
Highlights
To enable low contrast authentic target quantitative information detection embedded within these high dynamic range (HDR) scenes, it is critical that the camera have a linear camera response function (CRF) over the entire irradiance detection range
Given the Coded Access Optical Sensor (CAOS) smart camera approach combines both CAOS and CMOS camera modes, the present paper demonstrates CMOS-mode color imaging for comparison with CAOS color imaging
Conclusions first stage comparison studies with the CAOS camera, a commercial CMOS-sensor based camera with a monochrome CMOS sensor specified with up-to an 87 dB dynamic range is tested in the laboratory
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 2 million micromirrors and micromirror temporal on-off modulation rates reaching 25 KHz with large (e.g., 170 × 1024 pixels) region-of-interest (ROI) frame rates of 50 KHz, proposed and demonstrated is a 177 dB HDR linear response [25] full spectrum capability high dynamic range camera called the coded access optical sensor or CAOS camera that is designed on the principles of the HDR RF mobile wireless cellular phone and data network. These processing steps are used to recover the full optical spectrum image data over a linear HDR with signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) control for both pixel crosstalk reduction and HDR optimization In effect, this single camera unit can simultaneously engage multiple spectral-band sensitive point detectors including using a DSLR-mode CMOS/CCD silicon sensor to form a full spectrum smart CAOS camera that can provide UV-SWIR imaging capabilities. The rest of the paper provides details of these experiments and their data analysis highlighting the linear operation of the CAOS camera that is critical for linear HDR quantitative color imaging
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