Abstract
First confirmed occurrence of Codium fragile (Suringar) Hariot in the Iberian Peninsula coast of Portugal
Highlights
In the European Union, over 39% of alien marine species of special concern to at least one EU Member State are macroalgae (EASIN 2021)
Codium fragile in mainland Portugal regions where they coexist with native Codium congeners (Trowbridge 2001; Rojo et al 2014)
On July 22, 2020, one specimen of C. fragile was identified from the Avencas Marine Park, Portugal (38.686091; −9.357883; Figure 1), where it was caught by hand during field sampling
Summary
In the European Union, over 39% of alien marine species of special concern to at least one EU Member State are macroalgae (EASIN 2021). The genus Codium is one important example of cryptic species complex that has led to historical misidentification due to its high degree of morphological and functional plasticity (Provan et al 2008) The medulla consists of imbricated multinucleated filaments and the cortex consists of multiple bladder-like structures (utricles), by which species can be differentiated (Chapman 1999; Kusakina et al 2006) This alga is commonly found on both rocky and sand substrates and tolerates a wide range of environmental conditions (Trowbridge 2001; Drouin et al 2011). The present study provides the first known microscopically verified record of C. fragile in the Iberian Peninsula, on the coast of Portugal
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