Abstract
An oscillating drop rheometer capable of operating under conditions of high pressure and high temperature has been built. The oscillating drop mechanism was able to support pressures as high as 1300 bar and successfully performed oscillations at constant pressure. Apparent elastic and viscous complex moduli were measured for a system of CO2 and synthetic seawater containing 100 ppm of a linear alkyl ethoxylate surfactant for different pressures and temperatures. The moduli had strong dependencies on both pressure and temperature. At temperatures of 40 and 80 °C, the apparent elastic modulus passed through a maximum for pressures between 100 and 300 bar. The harmonic distortion of the oscillations was calculated for all measurements, and it was found that drop oscillations below ca. 2.6 µL caused distortions above 10% due to a mechanical backlash of the motor.
Highlights
Conditions by the Oscillating DropThe decrease in oil discoveries during the last decades has suggested that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies will play a key role to meet the growing energy demand in the immediate future
One immediate way to mitigate climate change is reducing the emissions of anthropogenic CO2 by carbon capture and storage (CCS), where CO2 is stored in underground sedimentary rocks [2]
Where dγ is the amplitude of interfacial tension response, A is the amplitude of the interfacial area variation and A0 is the average interfacial area during oscillations
Summary
Conditions by the Oscillating DropThe decrease in oil discoveries during the last decades has suggested that enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technologies will play a key role to meet the growing energy demand in the immediate future. Our society is facing the challenge of climate change. One immediate way to mitigate climate change is reducing the emissions of anthropogenic CO2 by carbon capture and storage (CCS), where CO2 is stored in underground sedimentary rocks [2]. The density difference between CO2 and water results in gravity segregation and the low viscosity of CO2 compared to waters leads to viscous fingering [3,4,5]. Both mechanisms result in reduced CO2 storage capacity, and in case of CO2 -EOR, reduced oil production. One way to reduce the effect of these mechanisms is by increasing the viscosity of the injected fluid by means of CO2 -soluble polymers or by injecting CO2 -foam [6,7,8]
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