Abstract
In the present work we have studied the thermal stability, flammability, fume evolution of epoxy matrix composites with different types and amounts of hardeners, fillers, plasticizers and fire retardants. It is shown that chemical composition of fillers has little effect on the flammability of epoxy composites when the content of mineral fillers is less than 45% by mass. Smoke formation decreases linearly with increasing the degree of filling. It is shown that to obtain low-combustible materials the oxygen index should exceed 31%. It was found that the optimal concentration of industrial brominated fire retardants is 8-10% by mass. To reduce the flammability of epoxy composites, additive brominated fire retardants in the form of a solution in N,N-dimethyl-2,4,6-tribromoaniline have been proposed. The high efficiency of acetyl-and α-hydroxyethyl ferrocene as a smoke suppressor of epoxy composites is shown.
Highlights
Nowadays, epoxy oligomers are widely used as binders in construction industry
Ferrocene structures embedded in polymer chains lead to increase of thermal stability and/or fire resistance [32], though at least for several ferrocene derivatives there is a negative correlation between smoke suppression and flame retardancy [34]
It has been established that the chemical structure of amine curing agents has little effect on the flammability and smoke-forming ability of epoxy composites [41]
Summary
Epoxy oligomers are widely used as binders in construction industry. Constructional composites with epoxy matrices – epoxy matrix composites (EMC) – are often characterized by unique combinations of operational properties. Epoxy resins are used as binders for production of composite reinforcement (with carbon, basalt and glass fibers), chemically resistant paint coatings, polymer mortars and concretes, foams, adhesives and monolithic floor coverings [6,7,8,9,10]. It is known that properties related to fire safety can be controlled by different means, including special mineral fillers and fire retardants [13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,47]. Quantitative dependencies between amount, chemical type of admixtures and properties related to fire safety of EMC till are not revealed in detail. The purpose of this work is to study the dependencies between flammability, combustibility, fume evolution of EMC and amount and chemical type of fillers and admixtures
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