Abstract
In this article, firefly algorithm-based proportional-integral-derivative controller is employed for the best solution of automatic generation control problem. Initially, a multi-area multi-source system having thermal, hydro and nuclear generating units in each area are considered for analysis purpose with all the probable physical constraints such as boiler dynamics, governor dead band and generation rate constraint. To show the supremacy of proposed FA optimised PID controller, the results are compared with integral and proportional-integral controller for the same power system employing integral time multiplied absolute error as an objective function. Further, to improve the dynamic responses of the system, an energy storage device, redox flow battery is installed in each area. From the simulation results, it is examined that the FA optimised PID controller with RFBs provided the best results compared to others. Finally, to study the robustness of the proposed controller is investigated over a wide variation of system parameters (−25% to +25%) and loading condition. For superior investigation, the proposed method is also investigated by applying random step load and sinusoidal disturbances.
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