Fire Models as a Tool for Evaluation of Energy Balance in Burning Space Relating to Building Structures

Marianna Tomaskova,Daniela Marasova,Jiri Pokorny,Petr Kucera,Michaela Balazikova

doi:10.3390/app12052505

Marianna Tomaskova, Daniela Marasova + Show 3 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052505

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Abstract

Fire is defined as an extremely hazardous event, causing a threat to life and health of persons, but also damage to the economic sphere. It has been shown many times that fire can occur anywhere and at any time. In order to minimize the risk of fire manifestations, it is necessary to understand its course. In technical practice, computational models are used to determine the partial manifestations of fire, such as fire spread rate, smoke generation rate in the burning area, formation of toxic burning products, flame height, and others. One of the important characteristics is also the energy balance in the burning area relating to the character of burning material, access of oxygen necessary for exothermic reaction of burning, and reaction of the installed safety devices. In this paper we will point out the fire safety of the building. The FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) model is recently used in practice, and its advantage is the possibility to model fire even in large and atypical spaces. The contribution of this paper is the practical application of fire safety of construction using the FDS Model, to reduce the cost of fire safety for the structure being constructed. Attention was paid to evaluating how the heat energy that is released during a fire can be influenced by the installed stable fire-extinguishing equipment, taking into consideration the fire resistance of the building structures.

Highlights

The area of fire prevention and the provision of basic fire prevention measures is currently addressed in a number of ways, in particular, the roles, responsibilities, and competences contained in fire protection legislation
The CFAST zonal fire model and the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) model have been described in previous sections of this paper
The presented results show that the highest sprinkler head activation times were achieved by manual calculations

Summary

Introduction

Fires cause loss of life, property, and natural ecosystems every year, so it is important to study them to prevent or limit the occurrence of potential fires. Computer simulation of fires makes it possible to test different fire scenarios and to model the course and consequences of a fire under different conditions, to detect possible risks and circumstances that may lead to damage, and, where appropriate, to reduce the consequences of potential future fires. It is one of the ways to minimize the consequences of fire and contribute to the fire safety of buildings [1]. They cause secondary damage that can be more severe than the direct consequences of fire, for example, by limiting infrastructure by closing off areas damaged by fire

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