Abstract
Extensive lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests in the Madison River drainage of Yellowston National Park were burned in 1988. Winter feeding behavior of 24 radio-collared cow elk (Cervus elaphus) in the Madison River drainage indicated widespread consumption of burned lodgepole pine bark. Following fires, forage availability and composition may be enhanced for ungulates; however, it has not been determined if burned vegetation is an important temporary forage. We hypothesized that fire improved the nutritional quality or bark thus creating an additional food source for elk. To determine the nutritional quality of bark we analyzed burned and unburned lodgepole pine bark for secondary metabolites, nutrients, and digestibility
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