Abstract
The flammability of tropical woods and the effect of a selected fire protection coating were evaluated using a cone calorimeter at a cone radiancy of 35 kW/m2. Three samples were from the South American continent (Cumaru, Garapa, Ipe), and two were from the Asian continent (Kempas and Merbau). Samples were treated with commercial fire retardant (FR) containing ferrous phosphate as an essential component. The untreated samples were used as reference materials that were of particular interest concerning their flammability. It was shown that there is unambiguous correlation between the effective heat of combustion (EHC) and total oxygen consumed (TOC) related to mass lost during burning for both the untreated and treated samples. In the case of Cumaru and Garapa, there exists an inverse relation between the amount of smoke and carbon residue. The decisive effect on the time of ignition was performed by the initial mass of the sample. This is valid for the spruce and the Cumaru, Ipe, and Kempas, both treated and untreated with retardant, while Garapa and Merbau were found to decline. According to the lower maximum average rate of heat emission (MARHE) parameter, a lower flammability was observed for the treated samples of wood, except for Garapa wood. Fire-retardant treated Garapa and Merbau also have a significantly lower time to ignition than untreated ones.
Highlights
By the end of the 1970s, tropical and subtropical tree species started to be imported, processed, and sold in Central Europe
The samples were selected from the cut boards so that differences not higher than ± 5% kg/m3 were allowed
The main component of the fire retardant (FR) is secondary ferrous phosphate, which may provide provide antagonistic effects in retardation of burning as it comes to ignitability
Summary
By the end of the 1970s, tropical and subtropical tree species started to be imported, processed, and sold in Central Europe. This became a growing trend, due to their positive physical and mechanical characteristics and innovative color finish in comparison with the native trees growing in a different climate zone. Because of their good stability and lifespan, are used primarily as terraces, balconies, swimming pool flooring, etc., that is, in places with increased humidity and probability of sudden weather changes [1,2].
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