Abstract
Quantum sensors based on the electron spin states of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond have found wide application in magnetometry and nuclear spin magnetic resonance measurements. Previously, we have theoretically and experimentally investigated the effect of finite pulse width on quantum sensing for synchronous alternating-current (AC) magnetic fields to dynamical decoupling sequences [T. Ishikawa et al., Phys. Rev. Appl. 10, 054059 (2018)]. However, many biological and condensed-matter systems exhibit fluctuating AC fields over time, and thus, our model needs modifications because of additional non-ideal conditions in practical measurements. Here, we investigate the effects of finite pulse width of multiple-pulse decoupling sequences on quantum sensing for asynchronous AC magnetic fields. For this purpose, we use a spin ensemble of nitrogen vacancy centers in an isotopically purified diamond film. We reveal through experiments that the finite-width pulse causes shifts in AC magnetometry signals in a free-precession-time plot. In addition, our results indicate that the finite-width pulse affects the amplitude of magnetometry signals, implying that the finite-pulse-width effect should be taken into account for realizing accurate measurement of the frequency and amplitude of asynchronous AC magnetic fields.
Highlights
Multiple-pulse decoupling sequences can improve the coherence time of a qubit,14–16 and its frequency resolution and sensitivity.17 Characterizations of multiple-pulse decoupling scitation.org/journal/adv sequences are generally modeled by filter functions with infinitely narrow pulses for time evolution of spin states.1,15,18–20 as we have previously discussed,21 because pulses possess finite width in practice, the filter functions should be modified
Quantum sensors based on the electron spin states of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond have found wide application in magnetometry and nuclear spin magnetic resonance measurements
We investigate the effects of finite pulse width of multiple-pulse decoupling sequences on quantum sensing for asynchronous AC magnetic fields
Summary
Multiple-pulse decoupling sequences can improve the coherence time of a qubit,14–16 and its frequency resolution and sensitivity.17 Characterizations of multiple-pulse decoupling scitation.org/journal/adv sequences are generally modeled by filter functions with infinitely narrow pulses for time evolution of spin states.1,15,18–20 as we have previously discussed,21 because pulses possess finite width in practice, the filter functions should be modified. We proposed a model of finite-pulse-width effect on AC magnetometry by using multiple-pulse decoupling sequences under a synchronous condition in which the phase difference between an AC magnetic field and a decoupling sequence is zero.
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