Finite‐frequency tomography in a crustal environment: Application to the western part of the Gulf of Corinth

Abstract

ABSTRACTIn this paper we investigate finite‐frequency effects in crustal tomography. We developed an inversion procedure based on an exact numerical computation of the sensitivity kernels. In this approach we compute the 3D travel‐time sensitivity kernels by using (1) graph theory and an additional bending to estimate accurately both rays and travel‐times between source/receiver and diffraction points and (2) paraxial ray theory to estimate the amplitude along theses rays. We invert both the velocity and the hypocentre parameters, using these so‐called banana‐doughnut kernels and the LSQR iterative solver. We compare the ray‐theoretical and the finite‐frequency tomography to image the intermediate structures beneath the Gulf of Corinth (Greece), which has long been recognized as the most active continental rifting zone in the Mediterranean region. Our dataset consists of 451 local events with 9233 P‐ first‐arrival times recorded in the western part of the Gulf (Aigion area) in the framework of the 3F‐Corinth European project. Previous tomographic images showed a complex velocity crustal model and a low‐dip surface that may accommodate the deformation. Accurate velocity models will help to better constrain the rifting process, which is still a subject of debate. The main results of this study show that finite‐frequency tomography improves crustal tomographic images by providing better resolved images of the 3D complicated velocity structure. Because the kernels spread the information over a volume, finite‐frequency tomography results in a sharpening of layer boundaries as we observed for the shallower part of the crust (down to 5 km depth) beneath the Gulf of Corinth.