Abstract
This paper presents a numerical and infrared experimental study of thermal and grain growth behavior during argon tungsten arc welding of 443 stainless steel. A 3D finite element model was proposed to simulate the welding process. The simulations were carried out via the Ansys Parametric Design Language (APDL) available in the finite-element code, ANSYS. To validate the simulation accuracy, a series of experiments using a fully-automated welding process was conducted. The results of the numerical analysis show that the simulation weld bead size and the experiment results have good agreement. The grain growth in the heat-affected zone of 443 stainless steel is influenced via three factors: (1) the thermal cycle experienced; (2) grain boundary migration; and (3) particle precipitation. Grain boundary migration is the main factor. The modified coefficient k of the grain growth index is calculated. The value is 1.16. Moreover, the microhardness of the weld bead softened slightly compared to the base metal.
Highlights
With the development of modern industry, stainless steels have already been widely applied in many fields for their machining abilities, good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [1].Recently, a new type of ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel, named 443 stainless steel, has been developed by Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. (TISCO), Taiyuan, China. 443 stainless steel, with 21 wt. % Cr, less than 0.01 wt. % C and 0.2 wt. % Ti, is a low cost stainless steel with good machinability and corrosion resistance
Many scholars have studied the thermal process of various welding methods through different simulation software, the articles about using a simulation thermal process to analyze the different simulation software, the articles about using a simulation thermal process to analyze the grain behavior are rare, especially in the welding process of new steel grades
Through the simulation of the welding thermal cycle on the argon tungsten‐arc welding of 443 stainless steel, the weld bead of the welding thermal cycle on the argon tungsten-arc welding of 443 stainless steel, the weld bead geometry and the simulation result verified via infrared thermography have good agreement
Summary
With the development of modern industry, stainless steels have already been widely applied in many fields for their machining abilities, good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance [1].Recently, a new type of ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel, named 443 stainless steel, has been developed by Taiyuan Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd. (TISCO), Taiyuan, China. 443 stainless steel, with 21 wt. % Cr, less than 0.01 wt. % C and 0.2 wt. % Ti, is a low cost stainless steel with good machinability and corrosion resistance. % Ti, is a low cost stainless steel with good machinability and corrosion resistance. The combination of good machinability and low cost made 443 stainless steel more attractive in pipes and automobile exhaust funnels. The weldability of the ultra-pure ferritic stainless steels was not as good as that of austenitic stainless steels. Austenitic stainless steels with the phase transition and the pinning of the precipitation particles can obtain low thermal conductivity and high thermal expansion, resulting in higher distortion when welded with other grades. Ferritic stainless steels possess poor ductility and no phase transformation, resulting in low notch impact toughness. In the welding process of ultra-pure ferritic stainless steel, the coarsening behavior has different characteristics [2,3]
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