Abstract
Finite element analysis of 0–3 composites made of piezoceramic particles and pores embedded in polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) has been carried out. The representative volume element (RVE) approach was used to calculate the effective elastic and piezoelectric properties of the periodic isotropic 0–3 piezoelectric composites. It was observed that the elastic and piezoelectric properties increased with the volume fraction of \({\hbox{K}}_{0.475} {\hbox{Na}}_{0.475} {\hbox{Li}}_{0.05} \left( {{\hbox{Nb}}_{0.92} {\hbox{Ta}}_{0.05} {\hbox{Sb}}_{0.03} } \right){\hbox{O}}_{3}\) (KNLNTS) particles but decreased for the porous composites. These effective properties were further used to analyze the potential use of such bimorph cantilever beams in sensing and energy harvesting applications. Sensing voltage continuously increased for KNLNTS filled composites while for porous materials it increased up to 15% volume fraction porosity and then decreased. The same trend was also observed for the power produced by the harvester. However, the sensing voltage and power produced by harvesters made of porous composites were lower than for harvesters made of pure PVDF.
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