Abstract
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is an inherited disorder characterized by extreme bone fragility due to collagen defects. It is an incurable disease. Bone fractures can occur frequently without prior notice, especially among children. Early quantitative prediction of fracture loads due to OI tends to alert patients to avoid unnecessary situations or dangerous conditions. This study is aimed at investigating the fracture loads of femur with OI under various types of loading. Ten finite element models of an OI-affected bone were reconstructed from the normal femur with different bowing angles ranging from 7.5 to 30.0°. The boundary conditions were assigned on an OI-affected femoral head under three types of load: medial-lateral impacts, compression-tension, and internal-external torsions, and various loading direction cases that reflect the stance condition. The fracture load was examined based on the load that can cause bone fracture for each case. The results show that the loads bearable by the femur before fracture were decreased with respect to the increase of OI bowing angles in most of the loading cases. The risk of fracture for the femur with OI was directly proportional to the increase of bowing angles in the frontal plane. This study provides new insights on fracture load prediction in OI-affected bone with respect to various loading types, which could help medical personnel for surgical intervention judgement.
Highlights
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare bone disease affecting the bone in a manner that increases the likelihood of fractures
The main purpose of the current study was to determine the fracture loads of the femur with OI for variations in the bowing angle ranging from 7.5 to 30.0° under different loading conditions
The results of the finite element analysis (FEA) show that the fracture loads were gradually increased with respect to the increase of bowing angles for medial-lateral impact and external torsion directions, whereas the compression and tension loads made no significant difference to the fracture loads
Summary
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare bone disease affecting the bone in a manner that increases the likelihood of fractures. A gene mutation that causes permanent changes in collagen structure is the main cause of OI [3]. This disease can be classified into four main types (type I–IV) according to a classification system study by Silence et al [4]. Damaged or degraded collagen in the bone as a direct effect of the gene mutation results in low bone mass and high bone fragility [5, 6]. These conditions lead to repeated fractures in OI patients
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