Finite element modeling of mechanically fastened composite-aluminum joints in aircraft structures

Abstract

A three-dimensional, solid finite element model of a composite-aluminum single-lap bolted joint with a countersunk titanium fastener is developed. The model includes progressive damage behavior of the composite and a plasticity model for the metals. The response to static loading is compared to experimental results from the literature. It is shown that the model predicts the initiation and the development of the damage well, up to failure load. The model is used to evaluate the local force–displacement responses of a number of single-lap joints installed in a hybrid composite-aluminum wing-like structure. A structural model is made where the fasteners are represented by two-node connector elements which are assigned the force–displacement characteristics determined by local models. The behavior of the wing box is simulated for bending and twisting loads applied together with an increased temperature and the distribution of fastener forces and the progressive fastener failure is studied. It is shown that the fastener forces caused by the temperature difference are of significant magnitude and should be taken into account in the design of hybrid aircraft structures. It is concluded that, the account of the non-linear response of the joints results in a less conservative load distribution at ultimate failure load.