Finite Element Model for Masonry Subjected to Concentrated Loads

Abstract

A finite element model for brick masonry subjected to in-plane loading is presented. The proposed model reproduces the nonlinear characteristics of masonry caused by material nonlinearity and progressive local failure. Bricks and joints are modeled separately, allowing for nonlinear deformation characteristics of the two materials as well as failure of the bricks, the mortar, or the mortar joints by bond. Because of its ability to model local effects, the model is capable of reproducing the behavior of masonry walls in which high local stresses and stress gradients are present (e.g., walls subjected to concentrated loads from beam supports or prestressing anchorages). The material properties for the model are determined from tests on small samples of brickwork and its constituents. Concentrated load tests on brick masonry are used as a basis for comparison between predicted theory and experimental evidence.