Abstract
In this paper, an efficient finite element based computer model to solve three dimensional heat conduction equations in photovoltaic (PV) modules is presented. Typically, a photovoltaic module experiences flux type boundary conditions all around. A complex three dimensional heat conduction occurs within the module due to the patchy thermal properties of the module materials. A detailed investigation of the unsteady heat transfer is required to study the PV performance. The heat conduction equation is solved by the node-based Galerkin finite element method. A matrix-free generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method is used to solve for the module temperatures. The present model uses an implicit method, which is very efficient and can use a large time step without losing accuracy and stability.
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