Finite Element Formulation of Tee and Bend Components in Hydraulic Pipe Network Analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT Anew model and efficient formulation for the incorporation of bend and tee components into the analysis of irrigation and distribution pipe networks is presented. The solution technique is based on the linear theory method, nodal head equations and the application of the finite element method. The finite element model results were compared with the results of a linear theory model. The correlation in terms of values of junction pressures and link flow rates was high. The advantages of the technique include reduced computer space requirement, implementation through existing finite element codes, simiplicity of application to large networks, the potential of modeling and incorporating other essential network components such as expansions, contractions, diffusers, valves, and pumps, into the analysis, and ease of use with large capacity and small computers. The technique has potential applications to municipal water supplies, irrigation pipe networks, food and material handling and transportation, fuel distribution networks, and engine cooling systems.