Finite element analysis of the impact of particles aggregation on the thermal conductivity of nanofluid under chemical reaction

Abstract

A theoretical investigation is being conducted to determine the impact of nanoparticle aggregation (NPA) and thermal radiation on the radiant heat of nanofluids along with the vertical cylinder. An efficient thermal conductivity model for nanofluids is constructed based on the fractal distributive properties of nanoparticle aggregation. In view of two alternative methods of heat conduction, comprising particle aggregation and convection, the model is represented as a function of the fractal size and concentration. The contemporary models for nanofluid thermal conductivity include a significant role in nanoparticle aggregation. The impact of particle diffusion in the temperature field on aggregation and transport has yet to be investigated. The controlling boundary value problem is transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential conditions, which are then solved numerically by utilizing the finite element technique with similarity transformations. The exceptional features of nanoparticles, such as high thermal conductivity, are highly significant in advancing nanotechnology, heat exchangers, material sciences, and electronics. The temperature field is observed higher in the presence of nanoparticle aggregation. The concentration gradient decreases the viscosity of water-based nanofluids, resulting in an increasing velocity. It is observed that the effect of nanoparticles aggregation on the boundary is descending by the including parameters causing an increment in heat transfer rate. The numerical approach to optimal meshing has reached convergence, and the accuracy of the presented results is supported by the fact that they are close to the results found in the relevant research.