Abstract
BackgroundA series of nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses was performed to evaluate the different design approaches available in the literature for design of reinforced concrete deep beam with large opening. Three finite element models were developed and analyzed using the computer software ATENA. The three FE models of the deep beams were made for details based on three different design approaches: (Kong, F.K. and Sharp, G.R., Magazine of Concrete Res_30:89-95, 1978), (Mansur, M. A., Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings, 2006), and Strut and Tie method (STM) as per ACI 318-14 (ACI318 Committee, Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI318-14), 2014). Results from the FE analyses were compared with the three approaches to evaluate the effect of different reinforcement details on the structural behavior of transfer deep beam with large opening.ResultsThe service load deflection is the same for the three models. The stiffnesses of the designs of (Mansur, M. A., Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings, 2006) and STM reduce at a load higher than the ultimate design load while the (Kong, F.K. and Sharp, G.R., Magazine of Concrete Res_30:89-95, 1978) reduces stiffness at a load close to the ultimate design load. The deep beam designed according to (Mansur, M. A., Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings, 2006) model starts cracking at load higher than the beam designed according to (Kong, F.K. and Sharp, G.R., Magazine of Concrete Res_30:89-95, 1978) method. The deep beam detailed according to (Kong, F.K. and Sharp, G.R., Magazine of Concrete Res_30:89-95, 1978) and (Mansur, M. A., Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings, 2006) failed due to extensive shear cracks. The specimen detailed according to STM restores its capacity after initial failure. The three models satisfy the deflection limit.ConclusionIt is found that the three design approaches give sufficient ultimate load capacity. The amount of reinforcement given by both (Mansur, M. A., Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings, 2006) and (Kong, F.K. and Sharp, G.R., Magazine of Concrete Res_30:89-95, 1978) is the same. The reinforcement used by the STM method is higher than the other two methods. Additional reinforcement is needed to limit the crack widths. (Mansur, M. A., Design of reinforced concrete beams with web openings, (2006)) method gives lesser steel reinforcement requirement and higher failure load compared to the other two methods.
Highlights
A series of nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses was performed to evaluate the different design approaches available in the literature for design of reinforced concrete deep beam with large opening
1 Background Designs of many of the new tower buildings include transfer beam elements with depths equal to a full floor depth to achieve the architectural requirements for both parking and upper floors
Yang et al [3] analytically and experimentally evaluated the influence of web openings in reinforced concrete deep beams. They studied the effects of shear span-to-depth ratio, depth and width of opening, and concrete strength. Their tests indicated that the effect of concrete strength on the shear capacity decreased for deep beams with openings compared to solid deep beams
Summary
A series of nonlinear finite element (FE) analyses was performed to evaluate the different design approaches available in the literature for design of reinforced concrete deep beam with large opening. El-kareim et al [1] studied the strength and behavior of deep beams with openings They reported experimental tests on flanged deep beams with different shear spans and openings. Hassan et al [2] studied self-compacted high-strength concrete deep beams with opening They conducted experimental tests to study the effect of location, size, and shape of opening. Yang et al [3] analytically and experimentally evaluated the influence of web openings in reinforced concrete deep beams They studied the effects of shear span-to-depth ratio, depth and width of opening, and concrete strength. Mohamed et al [5] performed finite element analyses for deep beams with opening and without opening to study the effect of reinforcement pattern They recommended avoiding web openings crossing the expected compression struts and limiting the opening depth to 20% of the deep beam depth.
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