Abstract
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology is a simple, economical, highly accurate tool in the diagnosis of tuberculous lesions. It is also ideal for sample collection for ancillary studies such as Ziehl-Neelsen (Z-N) stain for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), as well as culture, radiometric, and molecular biologic studies of Mycobacterium tuberculosis . The cytologic diagnosis of tuberculous lesions depends upon demonstration of epithelioid granuloma with or without necrotic material in the smear. In studies involving multiple sites, AFB positivity by Z-N or fluorochrome stain ranges from 23% to 45% with an average of 35.5%. The positive rate of mycobacterium culture from FNA material ranges from 20.8% to 83% with an average of 57.6%. A few limitations include sampling and interpretation error and differential diagnostic problems.
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