Abstract
Immunogenetics Human cytotoxic CD8+ T cells are important for defense against viral infections. Boelen et al. investigated whether inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (iKIRs) carried by patients with chronic viral infections affected the efficacy of their CD8+ T cell responses. Possession of an iKIR gene along with a gene encoding a KIR ligand enhanced protective and detrimental human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I associations for HIV-1, hepatitis C virus, and human T cell leukemia virus type 1. Analysis of virus dynamics, in vitro survival assays, and mathematical modeling suggested that iKIR ligation enhances HLA associations by increasing T cell survival. In contrast to many reported iKIR-disease associations, these observations applied to all iKIRs and the three viral infections studied. Sci. Immunol. 3 , eaao2892 (2018).
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