Abstract
The external morphology of the heads of adult male and female Cixiopsis punctatus (Matsumura) (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Tropiduchidae) was studied using scanning electron microscopy. Eleven types of sensilla or sensory organs were identified: trichoid sensilla on the pedicel, scape, maxillae, and labium; campaniform sensilla on the antennal pedicel, antennal scape, maxillae, and labium; plate organs on the antennal pedicel; coeloconic sensilla in Bourgoin’s organ and styloconic sensilla on the expanded flagellar base; Evans’ organ and button-like sensilla on the maxillary plates; basiconic sensilla, peg sensilla, and coin-shaped sensilla on the labium. Styloconic sensilla on the expanded flagellar base and peg sensilla located between the dorsal sensory field and the opening of the maxillae and mandibles were first reported in Tropiduchidae. The external morphology, distribution, and abundance of sensilla located on antennae, maxillae, and labium in C. punctatus were illustrated.
Highlights
The Fulgoromorpha, commonly named planthoppers, constitute a large group of phytophagous insects in the order Hemiptera, including about 14,000 described species and 30 recent or fossil families worldwide
Trichoid sensilla III (TrIII) on the antennal scape (Figure 4E) are similar to Böhm bristles, which are present in analogous locations in various insects (Heran 1959; Markl 1962; Schneider 1964) and might function as mechanoreceptors or proprioceptors (Pringle 1938; Thurm 1962; Schneider 1964; Sane et al 2007)
Bourgoin's organ (BO) seems to be present in all fulgoromorphan families, including an aperture surrounded by a ridge on the top, coeloconic sensilla (Co) inside, and sometimes styloconic sensilla (St) beside the ridge (Bourgoin 1985; Cobben 1988; Shih and Yang 1996; Liang 2001; Liang and Fletcher 2002; Romani et al 2009)
Summary
The Fulgoromorpha, commonly named planthoppers, constitute a large group of phytophagous insects in the order Hemiptera, including about 14,000 described species and 30 recent or fossil families worldwide. It is an old group of Hemiptera, known from fossils of the lower Permian There is still a paucity of the anatomical data on Fulgoromorpha, let alone the anatomy of Tropiduchidae
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