Abstract
Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has been widely used in the diagnosis of lesions from various origins, especially neoplastic. The technique is simple, fast, safe, minimally invasive and inexpensive, which allows through the evaluation of cell morphology to establish prognosis, delineate surgical margins, monitor lesion growth, validate indication euthanasia during surgery and monitor chemotherapy protocols. Diagnosis of canine transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) can be accomplished with ease and precision, even to be rated, according to the degree of aggressiveness. The study objective was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the examination in the diagnosis of TVT plasmacytoid type. An eight-month dog presented to the veterinary hospital (HV), faculty of veterinary medicine and animal science, FMVZ, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista with clinical suspicion of cutaneous lymphoma. By presenting multiple nodular lesions, FNAC was performed to cytological diagnosis. The tissue showed cells consistent with TVT. The animal was treated, and a total cure was achieved. According to the literature, TVT mainly affects external genitalia of sexually active animals and its transmission is more frequent during intercourse. In addition, animals sexually immature and without contact to the street dogs, hardly have injuries by TVT. In this case, verrucous and ulcerated lesions on the vulva of its mother during pregnancy and childbirth infected the animal. Diffuse and predominant dorsal injuries occurred due to both exfoliation of breast tumor during delivery and immunosuppression of pup at birth, thus favoring an atypical transmission.
Highlights
Use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in human medicine stems from the nineteenth century; veterinary medicine began to be employed only in the late 1980s
The definitive diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is based on its physical examination and typical cytological features in exfoliated cells obtained from swab, fine-needle aspiration or impression
FNAC is widely used in clinics for being a simple, safe, quick, low-cost, minimally invasive and painful method, which helps to preserve cellular morphology [23]-[26]
Summary
Use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in human medicine stems from the nineteenth century; veterinary medicine began to be employed only in the late 1980s. The main FNAC limitation, unlike the histopathological examination, is related to the impossibility to obtain data on the architecture of lesion, but provides a diagnostic result with greater ease. Both techniques complement each other [3]. The definitive diagnosis of transmissible venereal tumor (TVT) is based on its physical examination and typical cytological features in exfoliated cells obtained from swab, fine-needle aspiration or impression. Due to exfoliation on affected region from the sick animal, an atypical neoplastic cell infection occurs on healthy individuals [10] [11] These may grow slowly over years and become invasive, eventually changing to malignant and metastatic [4] [12]. The animal here reported was diagnosed with plasmacytoid tumor, and forwarded to the Office of Small Animal Surgery HV-FMVZ for treatment initiation (Figure 1)
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