Abstract
Memory function is an important determinant of behavioral manifestations and social adaptations in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). While a number of studies have examined memory function in people with ASD, whether impaired memory is characteristic of ASD is unclear. This controversy is likely because of the heterogeneity of the ASD population. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between memory function and the severity of various autistic symptoms. Therefore, to assess such relationships, we used the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised and the Multi-dimensional Scale for Pervasive developmental disorder and Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which encompasses symptoms comorbid with ASD, to assess 36 individuals with high-functioning ASD. Participants showed average performance in the memory battery. Interestingly, scores reflecting fine motor skills were significantly associated with visual memory performance. That is, individuals with ASD who exhibit impaired fine motor skills showed poor visual memory. This finding implies that memory variability may be associated with developmental trajectory in people with ASD.
Highlights
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments affecting social interaction and communication, as well as restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests
ASD is defined according to these core behavioral features, individual variability in the characteristics of the symptoms, including comorbidity, is prominent among individuals with ASD (Matson & Nebel-Schwalm, 2007; Funabiki, Kawagishi, Uwatoko, Yoshimura, & Murai, 2011)
We previously developed a comprehensive assessment of behavioral symptoms termed the multi-dimensional scale for pervasive developmental disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (MSPA)
Summary
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impairments affecting social interaction and communication, as well as restricted or repetitive behaviors and interests. ASD is defined according to these core behavioral features, individual variability in the characteristics of the symptoms, including comorbidity, is prominent among individuals with ASD (Matson & Nebel-Schwalm, 2007; Funabiki, Kawagishi, Uwatoko, Yoshimura, & Murai, 2011) This variability may be an important consideration when assessing medical and social support available to this population. Steele et al (2007) administered a spatial working memory task and examined the relationship between task performance and the severity of ASD symptoms, as measured by algorithm scores from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic and the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised. They did not find any significant correlations. We investigated possible correlations between the behavioral features of ASD, including comorbidities, and memory performance, with respect to individual differences
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