Abstract
The aim of the present study was an in-depth analysis of fine motor skills of the hands in elderly women from different socio-cultural backgrounds. The research also included analysis of the associations of age with the variables assessing right- and left-hand motor skills and its effect on hand performance asymmetry. The study examined 486 women over the age of 60. The study measured dominant and non-dominant hand performance using the motor performance series test battery (aiming, line tracking, inserting pins, tapping) from the Vienna test system. The best results in the tests assessing coordinated hand movements were achieved by the group of elderly women attending a University of the Third Age in Poland. This may be the result of a larger variety of physical activity programs offered at this type of institution. However, due to the cross-sectional design of the study, additional research of a longitudinal nature needs to be performed using the same sample of individuals to draw any definitive conclusions. Additionally, a decrease in the differences between dominant and non-dominant hand function with age was observed.
Highlights
The diverse and multi-faceted physiological changes associated with senescence are marked by a gradual deterioration of function in elderly adults
The best results in the tests assessing coordinated hand movements were achieved by the group of elderly women attending a University of the Third Age in Poland
This may be the result of a larger variety of physical activity programs offered at this type of institution
Summary
The diverse and multi-faceted physiological changes associated with senescence are marked by a gradual deterioration of function in elderly adults. One significant component of the aging process is a decline in motor coordination, leading to problems with walking, an increased fall risk, and, eventually, a lack of independence [1, 2]. The effects of aging may impair smaller muscle movements such as those performed by the hand, leading to severe problems in performing even the most basic activities of daily living. Kalisch et al [3] determined that normal hand function requires adequate muscle strength, where a grip strength of 9 kg (20 lb) is considered to be the minimum to perform activities of daily living [8]. All of the above factors determine whether an elderly individual is able to adequately perform activities of daily living and function independently [9]
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