Fine extraction of cellulose from corn straw and the application for eco-friendly packaging films enhanced with polyvinyl alcohol

Abstract

Biomass materials substituting for petroleum-based polymers occupy an important position in achieving sustainable development. Cellulose, a typical biomass material, stands out as the primary choice for producing eco-friendly packaging materials. However, it is still a challenge to efficiently utilize cellulose from waste biomass materials in practice. Herein, cellulose-based films were prepared by pretreating waste corn straw, separating straw husk, straw pith and straw leaf, and extracting cellulose through alkali and sodium chlorite treatment to improve its mechanical properties using the cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) method in this work. The prepared composite films were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric (TG) and mechanical properties. The results indicated that corn straw husk exhibited the highest cellulose content of 31.67 wt%, and obtained husk cellulose had the highest crystallinity of 52.5 %. Compared to corn straw, the crystallinity of husk cellulose, pith cellulose and leaf cellulose increased by 19.5 %, 16.4 % and 44.1 %, respectively. Husk cellulose/PVA composite films were the most thermally stable, with a maximum weight loss temperature of 346.8 °C. In addition, the husk cellulose/PVA composite film had the best tensile strength of 37 MPa. Meanwhile, the composite films had good UV shielding, low water vapor transmission rate and biodegradability. Therefore, this work provides a fine utilization route of waste corn straw, and as-prepared cellulose based films have potential application in eco-friendly packaging materials.