Abstract
Describe the findings of postoperative clinical evaluation of swallowing in infants with congenital heart disease (CHD) in a reference hospital in southern Brazil. This is a cross-sectional study conducted postoperatively with infants with medical diagnosis of CHD aged 0-6 months in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Exclusion criteria comprised infants with neurological and respiratory impairments, craniofacial malformation, structural alteration in the upper airways, and suspicion or diagnosis of genetic syndromes. Clinical evaluation was performed through partial application of the Assessment of Pediatric Dysphagia protocol. Regarding statistical analysis, the quantitative variables were described by median and interquartile range and the qualitative variables were described by absolute and relative frequencies. Non-parametric tests were used to evaluate the associations. Of the 31 infants in the sample, 23 (74.2%) were classified with some degree of dysphagia. Significant difference was observed in the clinical evaluation performed with bottle-feeding compared with breast-feeding; a larger number of swallowing disorders was also found in bottle-feeding. Statistically significant correlation was observed between duration of orotracheal intubation (OTI) >24 h and presence of dysphagia. Postoperative clinical evaluation enabled description of swallowing impairments in infants with CHD regardless of the type of feeding offered, as well as identification of presence of dysphagia in a large number of individuals in the sample and its association with duration of OTI >24 h.
Highlights
METHODSCongenital heart disease (CHD) is defined as an abnormality in the structure or cardiovascular function that is present at birth, even when subsequently discovered[1]
The congenital heart disease (CHD) are considered a risk factor for childhood dysphagia[9], swallowing disorder that is characterized by changes at any stage and / or between the stages of swallowing dynamics[10], as it compromises the safe ingestion of food, possibly causing loss of nutritional aspects, hydration, pulmonary function and related to the enjoyment of food, and the quality of social and individual life
In the clinical swallowing evaluation (CSE), there was a greater number of oral supply performed with bottle-feeding (48.4%), and 5 of these infants (16.1%) were initially evaluated while breastfeeding
Summary
METHODSCongenital heart disease (CHD) is defined as an abnormality in the structure or cardiovascular function that is present at birth, even when subsequently discovered[1]. Pediatric Cardiology has recommended the early diagnosis and correction of heart defects, with heart surgery being one of the methods commonly employed for this population in order to live longer and to have better quality of life[3,5,6]. The CHD are considered a risk factor for childhood dysphagia[9], swallowing disorder that is characterized by changes at any stage and / or between the stages of swallowing dynamics[10], as it compromises the safe ingestion of food, possibly causing loss of nutritional aspects, hydration, pulmonary function and related to the enjoyment of food, and the quality of social and individual life. The occurrence of dysphagia is related to longer hospital stays and rising health care costs[7]
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