Finding one's place: shifting ethnic identities of recent immigrant children from China, Haiti and Mexico in the United States

Abstract

This article examines the ethnic identity adaptations of recently arrived immigrant children from China, Haiti and Mexico. Overall, three main types of ethnic identity categories emerged: country of origin (e.g. Chinese), hyphenated (e.g. Chinese American), and pan-ethnic (e.g. Asian or Asian American). These three ethnic identities were examined to assess their relationships with various social and structural variables. While most of the participants retained their country-of-origin label throughout the five-year longitudinal study, a significant number of them showed divergent paths of ethnic identity shifts and formations. As a whole, only gender, annual household income, and parental educational level were significantly associated with different ethnic identity changes. Analysed separately by national groups, Chinese participants' ethnic identity adaptations were influenced by parental educational level, and Haitian and Mexican participants' by gender. Potential explanations for the various ethnic adaptations are examined and limitations of the study discussed.