Abstract
This paper explores the labour market experiences of Government Assisted Refugees (GARs) in Canada by utilizing social capital theory and identifies the areas for future research. Data was collected from an in-depth literature review but very little literatures are available to measure the labour market experiences of GARs specifically. The lack of research is particularly prominent in the area of GARs’ economic outcomes and earnings through social capital framework. Changes to the Immigration and Refugee Protection Act (IRPA) in 2002 have shifted the selection of GARs which has implication for their economic integration once in Canada. The results of this paper indicate that social capital is a significant component in impacting labour market integration of GARs because of the loss of academic, occupational and other forms of human capital.
Highlights
The refugee protection system in Canada is guided by two major categories: the refugee and humanitarian resettlement program and the in-Canada refugee protection system (CIC, 2011)
These groups are known as Government Assisted Refugees (GARs), which refers to refugees who are entirely supported by the Government of Canada, and Privately Sponsored Refugees (PSRs), which includes refugee resettlement, is supported by groups of Canadian individuals or volunteers’ organizations
It is assumed that a host country provides the GARs with legal and physical protection, including access to civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights similar to those enjoyed by nationals (UNHCR, 2011)
Summary
The Research Context and Questions Canada currently admits more than 225,000 new immigrants a year who come from around the globe (Beiser, 2009).The first and the largest group were economic migrants, chosen because they processed skills and abilities that should allow them to integrate and contribute to Canada’s economic prosperity. Their selection is based on many factors including; level of education, work experiences, employment ability, language skills and age. Persons making claims after arriving in the port of entry of Canada are referred to as ‘refugee claimants’ (Yu et al, 2005)
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