Abstract
Traditional sources of revenue for water utilities, including general obligation bonds, special assessment bonds, and revenue bonds, are described. The financial crunch of the 1970's forced utilities to adapt new methods to generate revenue. The following are discussed: internal expense controls such as retrofitting pumping stations and expediting billing procedures; internally‐ generated revenue sources such as collecting fixed expenses through initial monthly fees, connection fees, and general facility charges for new customers; and innovative methods of external financing such as floating rate bonds, put bonds, warrants, and tender offerings.
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