Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the 2009 to 2016 financial performance of the US Hockey Inc., using financial effectiveness indicators and financial efficiency ratios. Design/methodology/approach With the assistance of financial trend analysis, archival data were used to examine the financial performance (evaluated by net income), financial effectiveness (indicated by total assets and total revenues) and financial efficiency (examined by programme services ratios and return on assets) of US Hockey Inc. Findings On average, the financial performance of the organization was positive ($30,895 net income per year). Financial effectiveness was steady with increases in assets and revenues. Financial efficiency was poor with 79% of revenues spent on programme services and 1.45% average return on asset. Research limitations/implications The results can be generalized to similar national non-profit sports federations but not corporate sports entities with dissimilar financial goals. Practical implications The results revealed that national non-profit sports federations can boost their financial performance by maintaining a double strategically focus on both financial effectiveness and financial efficiency. Originality/value The study used both financial effectiveness and financial efficiency measures to evaluate the financial performances of a national non-profit sports federation – a neglected approach similar studies.
Highlights
USA Hockey, Inc. (USH). (2018) is the national non-profit sports organization (NNSO) that governs the sport of hockey in the USA – with a mission to:[. . .] provide the foundation for the sport of ice hockey in America; help young people become leaders, even Olympic heroes; and connect the game at every level while promoting a lifelong love of the sport.The core values of USH are sportsmanship, respect, integrity, the pursuit of excellence at the individual, team and organizational levels, enjoyment, loyalty and teamwork
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the 2009-2016 financial performance of USH using financial effectiveness indicators and financial efficiency ratios
Conceptual framework and research questions This study argues that sustainable financial performance is the ultimate goal of most NNSOs as captured by two components, namely, financial effectiveness and financial efficiency, in a three-stage conceptual framework (Figure 1)
Summary
USA Hockey, Inc. (USH). (2018) is the national non-profit sports organization (NNSO) that governs the sport of hockey in the USA – with a mission to:. Based on the general consensus of past studies (Iba and Aranha, 2012; Morris, 2013; Omondi-Ochieng, 2018c; Pickens, 1986; Raughley and Lloyd, 1999; Wong and Venkatraman, 2015), the aim of FTA is often to: examine the financial health of the organization; make projections for strategic financial planning; predict future production of goods and services; compare and contrast past and present revenues, costs and investments; dissect failure analysis as an early warning indicator of anticipated, unexpected and/or impending financial problems especially when combined or supplemented with targeted financial ratios; and forecast sales growth and interest rates among others. Note: The three ratios have been selected based on their suitability to NNSOs Source: Own elaboration
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