Final Height, Armspan, Subischial Leg Length and Body Proportions in Juvenile Chronic Arthritis

Abstract

Objective: Assessment of growth disturbances in adults with a history of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). Material and Methods: Sixty-five subjects, 52 premenopausal females and 13 males with a mean age (range) of 32.2 years (22.3–49.4) participated. Mean age at disease onset was 5.7 years (0.8–15.8) and mean disease duration was 12.4 years (0.4–32). The follow-up time ranged from 18.7 to 46.9 years with a mean of 26.4 years. For each participant standard deviation scores (z-scores) for final height, delta-height (the difference between observed and expected height), armspan, subischial leg length and sitting height ratio, were calculated. Results: The study group as a whole did not exhibit linear growth impairment. The categorical distribution of heights differed significantly from a expected distribution in a healthy population (p < 0.001). A height z-score < –2 SD was present in 10.7% of the study group, of whom all had polyarticular course of JCA. Polyarticular and systemic course of JCA (versus pauciarticular) (p = 0.022), systemic steroid treatment (p = 0.006) and Steinbrocker functional class II–IV (vs. I) in 1979 (p = 0.043) were variables associated with reduced delta-height. In linear regression analyses, disease severity defining variables were statistically significant predictors of reduced final height and armspan. 27% of the study subjects had significantly reduced arm span (p < 0.001). Subischial leg length and body proportions (sitting height ratio) were normal. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that functionally impaired polyarticular and systemic JCA patients treated with systemic steroids may be at an increased risk of developing reduced final height and armspan. Disease control achieved by an aggressive therapeutic approach, if possible with a minimal use of systemic steroids, may reduce growth impairment in JCA.