Abstract
In the copper extraction, especially during the process of flotation enrichment and the pyrometallurgical processing, the waste materials that represent huge polluters of environment are being generated. In order to examine the application of Final flotation waste (FFW) in the manufacturing of new materials from the glass-ceramic group phase and mineral composition were examined as well as thermal properties. FFW kinetics of sintering has been tested at different dyamics (1?C/min, 29?C/min and 43?C/min), in order to find the optimum conditions for sintering with a minimum amount of energy and time consumption. The samples were examined using: X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence analysis, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and thermal microscopy. The best results for the production of glass ceramic materials were obtained during the sintering at heating regime of 29?C/min.
Highlights
Production of copper in the Copper Smelting Plant Bor is a complex and long process with the generation and by-products such as flash furnace slags, converter slag, and anode refining slag
Final flotation waste (FFW) kinetics of sintering has been tested at different dyamics (1oC/min, 29oC/min and 43oC/min), in order to find the optimum conditions for sintering with a minimum amount of energy and time consumption
Waste material from the flotation process is transported to the thickeners and after thickening deposited in the flotation tailings
Summary
Production of copper in the Copper Smelting Plant Bor is a complex and long process with the generation and by-products such as flash furnace slags, converter slag, and anode refining slag. Deposits of FFW and slag discarded from the smelting furnaces contaminate large areas of soil and represent permanent source of water and air pollution [2,3,4,5]. These technogenic wastes are heterogeneous, because the copper ore has the different physical and chemical properties [24]. According to the data taken from the Copper Smelting Plant Bor, Serbia, the total amount of waste smelter slag deposited in the landfill is approximately 16 million tons [2,3,4]. Vitrification of a hazardous iron-rich waste from copper [6, 7] and zinc industry [8], provide chemically stable glass-ceramic materials with significantly better performance compared to traditional ceramic and natural building materials for paving (marbles and granites)
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