Abstract
This paper presents a filtering technique for estimating the fluid temperature profile in a solar energy collector modeled by a bilinear distributed parameter system (the Klein plug-flow model). The filter minimizes the mean-square error between the actual measurements and the states predicted by the model when the fluid flow through the collector is controlled by an on-off pump (bang-bang control). The derivation of the filter algorithm uses invariant imbedding and the method of characteristics. This approach allows one to estimate under bang-bang control situations and has the flexibility to easily vary the sensor locations. As examples, the filtering process is applied to a simulated solar collection system with a variable number of sensors and many on-off fluid flow control cycles.
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