Filtered spectrum modeling of high-performance perovskite tandem solar cells: Tailoring absorber properties and electron/hole transport layers for 31.55 % efficiency

Abstract

In this study, the perovskite tandem solar cell (TPSC) has been accomplished using SCAPS-1D. The present study focuses on comprehensive exploration and detailed optimization using various strategies constructing a tandem device. To calculate high photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (PCE), the numerical analysis has been carried out for a wide-bandgap halide (WBH) FA0.75Cs0·25Pb(I0·8Br0.2)3 of bandgap 1.67eV and a Pb–Sn based narrow-bandgap halide (NBH) FA0.7MA0.3Pb0·5Sn0·5I3 of bandgap 1.22eV as absorber layer in top-cell (TCELL) and bottom-cell (BCELL) respectively. The WBH has huge potential as a front light absorber and the NBH based BCELL provides stability and high performance by accepting high and low energy photons respectively. This method mitigates thermalization and non-absorbed photon loss which results in the growth in PCE. The proposed work demonstrates the impact of active-layer thickness along with defect density on the solar-cell parameters. It has been observed that defect density is low for the optimal performance. An investigation for various electron transport medium (ETMs) and hole transport medium (HTMs) has been done to secure an optimum performing TCELL as well as BCELL. Using filtered-spectrum study along with current-matching method, every PV metric parameter has been analyzed after their deployment into tandem configuration. The numerical investigation has shown promising photovoltaic parameters with aa high open circuit voltage (VOC) of 2.33 V, a short circuit current density (JSC) of 17.07 mA/cm2, a fill factor (FF) of 79.34 % and PCE of 31.55 % in tandem configuration.