Abstract
Cigarette brands that deliver < or = 15 mg of tar in official smoking-machine tests accounted for 72.7% of total cigarette sales in 1995. Many of these brands use ventilated filters-a system with small perforations around the filter that are designed to draw in additional air during smoking. In brands with ventilated filters, air introduced through the vents dilutes the amounts of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO), and other hazardous constituents of cigarette smoke. This report summarizes results of tests conducted by researchers at The Pennsylvania State University during July 1997 to measure the percentage of air drawn through the filter vents of 32 brands of U.S. cigarettes that have tar yields rated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) as ranging from 1 mg-18 mg; the report also examines the correlation between the degree of filter ventilation and tar yield. The findings indicate that 30 (94%) of 32 brands tested were ventilated and that percentage filter ventilation varied inversely with standard tar, nicotine, and CO yields.
Highlights
ON OCTOBER 17 and October 23, 1997, a man in Texas and a man in New Jersey, respectively, died from rabies
This report summarizes the clinical features of these cases and the epidemiologic investigations by the Texas Department of Health and the New Jersey State Department of Health and Senior Services, which indicated that a bat-associated variant of the rabies virus was responsible for infection in both cases
postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is recommended for all persons who have sustained bite, scratch, or mucous membrane exposures to a bat unless the bat is available for testing and is negative for evidence of rabies
Summary
ON OCTOBER 17 and October 23, 1997, a man in Texas and a man in New Jersey, respectively, died from rabies. On October 8, he was admitted to a hospital in Houston for further evaluation of generalized pruritus, agitation, confusion, and fever; treatment of sinusitis; and possible alcohol withdrawal He was anxious and tremulous but mentally coherent and was treated empirically with antibiotics and benzodiazepines. These symptoms persisted and progressed to include vomiting, chills, and a sore throat, prompting a visit on October 13 to an emergency department where he received oral antibiotics and an anesthetic throat spray. After presenting to his primary physician with additional complaints of fever, insomnia, agitation, and dysphagia, he was admitted to the hospital on October 14.
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