Abstract
We have studied the impact of electric-field assisted densification of a low temperature solution-processed piezoelectric inorganic film (potassium sodium niobate, KNN). A concentrated (KxNa1−x(NbO3), x=0.5) sol of the material was drop casted on an insulating SiO2 substrate with two electrodes deposited in a lateral diode geometry. Surface metrology and compositional scans on the post-processed film revealed a cracked morphology with apparent densification and a stoichiometric shift from 51:49 to 31:69 (K:Na). An image processing method was used on electron microscopy images to estimate a ∼20% volume reduction over an area of 400μm2 using film topographical data. Further, the system was simulated using a finite element method on a 3D model system, and the simulated electric field lines appear to explain the observed post-annealed densified profiles.
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