Abstract
This work aimed at collecting filariasis transmission data of Anopheles gambiae to be used in predicting future trends in filariasis transmission and control programme outcomes. Collection of the mosquitoes was made by human landing catch and light trap methods. In all, 5,813 females were caught from September 2005 to August 2006. Mosquito population started to expand at the onset of the rains. The highest density was found after peak temperature. The A. gambiae s.l. biting peaked around midnight; 39.7% were parous and 0.3% were infective. The highest percentage of parous females caught was near midnight, ranging between 42.0% and 47.5% from 22.00 to 03.00 hours. Biting rate in the rainy season was 2.6 times higher than it in the dry season. Transmission potential was 3.6 times higher during the rains than during the dry season. The percentage infectivity was relatively high (13.2%) in June, corresponding to 8.8 infective bites per person per month. All infective A. gambiae, were caught between 22.00 and 03.00 hours. The average load of L3 larvae per infective A. gambiae was 1.4 L3/mosquito. The monthly transmission potential calculated for each month indicated that transmission was ongoing for most of the months of the year, especially in the rainy season.
Highlights
E World Health Organization did estimate that over 1.25 billion people (18 percent of the world’s population) are at risk of lymphatic lariasis in 83 countries and territories, with approximately 120 million already infected and over 40 million seriously incapacitated and dis gured by the disease [1]. e overall global burden of disease (GBD) estimates suggest a global lariasis case prevalence of 3.39% (for both Wuchereria bancro i and Brugia malayi infections) in exposed populations, with the highest regional bancro ian lariasis prevalence of (9.0%) in subSaharan Africa [2]
As the lariasis elimination programmes get underway around the world, the need for control predictive signatures from entomological indices as efficient monitoring tools in lariasis elimination becomes a crucial priority [4]. is work is a preliminary longitudinal study and it is aimed at collecting entomological indices on Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) as baseline data to be used in monitoring future trends and control programmes outcomes in the area. e entomological indices to be ascertained include annual biting rates (ABRs), annual transmission potential (ATP), monthly biting rates (MBR), monthly transmission potential (MTP), infective and infectious rates
ATP is an estimate of the total number of infective larvae (L3) transmitted to one person exposed to biting during all biting hours in a year and was calculated as an annual total of the individual monthly transmission potential obtained from the following formula: MTP
Summary
E World Health Organization did estimate that over 1.25 billion people (18 percent of the world’s population) are at risk of lymphatic lariasis in 83 countries and territories, with approximately 120 million already infected and over 40 million seriously incapacitated and dis gured by the disease [1]. e overall global burden of disease (GBD) estimates suggest a global lariasis case prevalence of 3.39% (for both Wuchereria bancro i (order Spirurida, family Onchocercidae) and Brugia malayi (order Spirurida, family Onchocercidae) infections) in exposed populations, with the highest regional bancro ian lariasis prevalence of (9.0%) in subSaharan Africa [2]. The prevalence of micro laraemia is an indicator of transmission levels that are monitored at sentinel sites [1], veri cation of quotients of micro laraemia in the human population is not enough for one to be quantitatively certain of the dynamics of incidence of new infections [5]. To this end, monitoring the corresponding changes and levels of infection indicative of transmission endpoints in the vector population becomes extremely necessary; parameters such as annual biting rates (ABRs) and annual transmission potential. As the lariasis elimination programmes get underway around the world, the need for control predictive signatures from entomological indices as efficient monitoring tools in lariasis elimination becomes a crucial priority [4]. is work is a preliminary longitudinal study and it is aimed at collecting entomological indices on Anopheles gambiae (Diptera: Culicidae) as baseline data to be used in monitoring future trends and control programmes outcomes in the area. e entomological indices to be ascertained include ABR, ATP, monthly biting rates (MBR), monthly transmission potential (MTP), infective and infectious rates
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