Abstract
Common filamentous fungi (e.g. Penicillium spp, Rhizopus spp) serve as sources of highly effective heavy metal biosorbents. Derivatives of fungal biomass range from purified cell wall fractions to whole, heat killed mycelium otherwise unmodified. Limited trials suggest a moderate degree of regenerability. When compared with commercial ion-exchange resins, carbons and metal oxides, fungal derivatives generally perform well. Fungal systems offer considerable versatility with respect to metals taken up and bound including the cations Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, La, Pb, Th, and U as well as Cr and Mo anions. Versatility also extends to physico-chemical conditions such as pH and heat tolerance. A deterrent to the application of these materials to waste water management has been a lack of standardized conditions along with the inability to make interspecies comparisons. However, potentials for use of filamentous fungi as biosorbents and their tailoring by genetic techniques to meet specific needs, recommend them for further research and development.
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