Abstract
This article reviews the evolution and recent developments of transcranial magnetic brain stimulation using figure-eight coils to stimulate localized areas in the human brain. Geometric variations of figure-eight coils and their characteristics are reviewed and discussed for applications in neuroscience and medicine. Recent topics of figure-eight coils, such as focality of figure-eight coils, tradeoff between depth and focality, and approaches for extending depth, are discussed.
Highlights
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique employed for the transcranial stimulation of the human brain using a coil positioned on the surface of the head
TMS was first reported over three decades ago in a study using a circular coil (Barker et al, 1985), in which a recordable electromyography response was elicited from the stimulation to the motor cortex (MC)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation with a figure-eight coil stimulates the human brain within a high spatial resolution
Summary
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technique employed for the transcranial stimulation of the human brain using a coil positioned on the surface of the head. This coil achieves a high electric-field intensity at the intersection of the wings. The bent shape leads to a reduction in the current density in the surrounding areas This coil enhances the focality of the induced electric field. Double-D coils, shown, are intended for the stimulation of wider areas of the brain (Sekino et al, 2017) This coil has a deformation in the direction opposite to that of the eccentric figure-eight coils. This enables the generation of strong magnetic fields with smaller driving currents (Yamamoto et al, 2016). The iron core should be designed to minimize eddy currents in the core
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