Fighting gender-based violence: The women's movement and the enforcement of rape law in Liberia

Abstract

Many African states have adopted laws that criminalize rape and other forms of gender-based violence (GBV) but the enforcement of such laws is often weak. Many rape cases are never brought to court and victims are frequently encouraged to accept reconciliation instead of prosecution of offenders. Drawing on research from post-conflict Liberia this article investigates the ability of womens movements to influence the states implementation of rape law and seeks to theorize the relationship between womens activism and the enforcement of rape law. It documents the range of strategies adopted by the Liberian womens movement and argues that these tactics have contributed to an increased referral of rape cases to court. This was made possible by two conditions: a relatively open political environment and political and material support from international organizations which in turn enabled womens NGOs to gain access to and make an impression on the implementation process. This demonstrates the capacity of civil society organizations in Africas more open and internationally connected states to influence policy at the implementation stage - even in particularly challenging areas such as womens rights.