Abstract
Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in short‐season areas has increased greatly because of improvements in cultivars and production practices. Previous studies of genetic improvement in soybean have reported yield increases of 0.5 to 1% per year. To evaluate the genetic improvement of short‐season germplasm, 41 cultivars ranging from maturity group 000 to 0, released from 1934 to 1992, were grown for 8 station‐years in Ontario and Quebec. Yield, maturity, plant height, lodging score, 100‐seed weight, seed protein and oil levels, and yield stability were regressed on year of release to determine if improvements have been made. Yield has been improved about 0.5% per year during the period under study; however, since 1976 yield has been improved about 0.7% per year. There is evidence that the rate of genetic improvement of seed yield is accelerating. Significant lodging reduction was also observed. Seed protein levels have been reduced 4 g kg‐1 yr‐1 and seed oil levels have increased 4 g kg‐1 yr‐1. Although yield has been increased, yield stability has remained constant.
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