Abstract
BACKGROUNDWe report on the status of imidacloprid and ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens Stål collected from across South and East Asia over the period 2005–2012.RESULTSA resistance survey found that field populations had developed up to 220‐fold resistance to imidacloprid and 223‐fold resistance to ethiprole, and that many of the strains collected showed high levels of resistance to both insecticides. We also found that the cytochrome P450 CYP6ER1 was significantly overexpressed in 12 imidacloprid‐resistant populations tested when compared with a laboratory susceptible strain, with fold changes ranging from ten‐ to 90‐fold. In contrast, another cytochrome P450 CYP6AY1, also implicated in imidacloprid resistance, was underexpressed in ten of the populations and only significantly overexpressed (3.5‐fold) in a single population from India compared with the same susceptible strain. Further selection of two of the imidacloprid‐resistant field strains correlated with an approximate threefold increase in expression of CYP6ER1.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that overexpression of CYP6ER1 is associated with field‐evolved resistance to imidacloprid in brown planthopper populations in five countries in South and East Asia. © 2015 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Highlights
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is an economically important pest of rice throughout both tropical and temperate zones of South and East Asia
3.1 Development of imidacloprid resistance in N. lugens populations from 2005 to 2012 As previously reported,[7] responses of 2005 field-collected samples of N. lugens to imidacloprid showed variation, at the lower (4 mg L−1) dose tested (Table 1), with some strains appearing susceptible but other strains showing the first indications of a resistance problem
Analysis of imidacloprid resistance development in the individual countries of India, Thailand, Indonesia and Vietnam, based on the responses of collected field strains to discriminating doses of imidacloprid, indicates a clear trend towards high resistance (Fig. 1)
Summary
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is an economically important pest of rice throughout both tropical and temperate zones of South and East Asia. The control of BPH has for many years predominantly relied on the use of synthetic insecticides. This has resulted in the emergence of populations with high levels of resistance to many of the major classes of insecticides, including the organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and phenylpyrazoles.[3,4,5,6]. We report on the status of imidacloprid and ethiprole resistance in Nilaparvata lugens Stål collected from across South and East Asia over the period 2005–2012
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