Abstract
The threat of biological and chemical terror acts remains a growing worldwide concern. There is therefore a need to develop appropriate technology for the detection of chemical and biological warfare agents, with early identification intended for use by first responders. Here, we disclose the developed autonomous air sampling and detection system for evaluation of the presence of chemical and biological warfare agents that can be harmful to the population. The current device utilizes the designed mist generator-assisted air collection system (338 l min−1) and biosensing chip technologies, such as electrochemical measurement, Au nanoparticle-based localized surface plasmon resonance, and rapid microfluidic chip PCR for detection of minute concentrations lower than the mean lethal dose (LD50) of nerve gases (sarin and VX), toxic proteins (BTX/A/Hc and ricin), and pathogens (anthrax simulant). An operation time of only 5–15 min is needed for the collection and detection; sample preparation is already integrated into the system without the need for direct human intervention. In addition to the system’s sensitivity and ease of use, its portability makes it highly beneficial for first responders, which could aid in immediate risk assessment and mitigation of on-site events.
Highlights
In 1995, the nerve gas sarin (O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) was used as a chemical weapon in a terrorist attack in Tokyo's subway[1,2]
The conditions used for the Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) measurement settings have been described in the previous report[22]
We have developed an autonomous air sampling and detection system, which integrates aerosol sampling and biosensing technologies
Summary
In 1995, the nerve gas sarin (O-isopropyl methylphosphonofluoridate) was used as a chemical weapon in a terrorist attack in Tokyo's subway[1,2]. We successfully demonstrated the detection of the Anthrax PA gene within 5 min and influenza virus gene within 10 min, which are faster than by conventional methods[19,23] We chose this PCR chip technology and incorporated it into the autonomous system for rapid on-site detection of pathogenic agents. Our device contains three types of biosensors for the detection of different types of regents These biosensors require that the sample reagent be dissolved in liquid (water) from the collected air because these biosensors use an enzyme and glycan chains that react or recognize in solution for detection. We have designed and fabricated a unique air-sampling unit for autonomous collection and sampling This technology integrates our micro- and nanoplaced at the bottom of the mist generator. The concentrated droplets drip to the bottom of the cylinder, while
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