Abstract
A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is the development and validation of accurate wind turbine generator (WTG) models to study the impact of increased wind integration on system protection. This paper is on the experimental validation of a generic electromagnetic transient-type (EMT-type) model of aggregated WTGs or wind parks suitable for transient studies. The phasor domain equivalent of the generic model, suitable for protection tools based on steady-state solvers, is also considered. The model has been validated using two sets of actual relay records for the fault response of two wind parks consisting of Type-III WTGs and connected to 115 kV and 230 kV transmission systems. The objective is to show that the generic model can reproduce the actual fault response in simulations, and protection engineers can obtain accurate models of wind parks using fault records. A distinctive characteristic of a WTG is its substantially different negative sequence fault current contribution compared to a synchronous generator. The paper shows that the generic model provides enough options to reproduce the negative sequence behavior and hence is suitable for fault studies involving negative sequence-based protection.
Highlights
A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is to study the impact of increased renewable penetration on system protection [1,2,3,4]
This paper shows that it is possible to match the actual fault recordings using generic models once the pre-fault conditions are taken into account, and model parameters are properly set considering wind park controller and fault ride through (FRT) schemes
The results show a satisfactory match between the generic models
Summary
A challenge faced by protection and planning engineers is to study the impact of increased renewable penetration on system protection [1,2,3,4]. The reason is that short-circuit models of conventional generators are not adequately representative of the substantially different, and in some cases complex, fault response of renewables. The authors have presented generic electromagnetic transient-type (EMT-type) models of aggregated wind turbine generators (WTGs) or wind parks suitable for transient studies for Type-III (doubly-fed induction generator, DFIG) and Type-IV (full-size converter, FSC) WTGs [5, 6]. These EMT-type models can emulate the time-domain fault response of an actual WTG. It is possible for protection engineers to obtain precise models of their wind generation fleet by tuning generic models using fault records
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